AP EURO Quarter Three

Quarter 3 Topics

  • The British Industrial Revolution
    1. Enclosures and Agrarian Reform
    2. Pre-conditions for Industrialism
    3. Industrial Location and Power
    4. The Factory System
    5. Statistics of Industrialization
  • British Reform Acts and Chartism
    1. The Sadler Commission, 1832
    2. Great Reform Act 1832
    3. Chartism – People’s Charter, 1838-58
    4. The Genius of British Reforms
  • The Springtime of Nations – 1848
    1. Age of Metternich: Prior Movements’ Failures
    2. Causes of The Revolutions of 1848
    3. “When France sneezes, Europe catches cold”
    4. Wide-spread Continental Revolution
    5. “The turning point that failed to turn”
    6. Impact upon France
    7. German Experience
    8. Mazzini and “Young Italy”
  • Karl Marx and 19th c Socialist Thought
    1. The Proletariat – Urban Working Poor
    2. Precursors to Marx
    3. Marx, Engels, and the Manifesto
  • Italian Nationalism, 1830-1922
    1. Carbonari Movement
    2. Mazzini, Garibaldi, and Cavour
    3. Napoleon III and Unification
    4. Liberal Democratic Parliamentarian Italy
    5. Why Mussolini and Fascism?
  • German Nationalism, 1848-1914
    1. Revolutions of 1848
    2. Hegel and Romanticism
    3. Rise of Otto von Bismarck
    4. The Prussiafication of Germany
    5. Wilhelminian Germany
    6. Social Democrats – war – Weimar
    7. Why Hitler and Nazis?
  • The Concert of Europe, 1814-1914
    1. The Congress System
    2. Balance of Power
    3. Alliances and Diplomacy
    4. The Long 19th Century
  • The British Empire, 1714-1914
    1. Exploitation of Utrecht Windfall
    2. Exploitation of Asiento
    3. The Drugs War
    4. The Sub-Continent – India
    5. Imperial Commerce
    6. Containing the Bear
      1. London Straights Convention, 1841
      2. Crimean War
  • Anglo-Afghan Wars
  1. Egypt, Suez, and Boers
  2. Mobilizing Colonial Forces for War
  • 18th and 19th century Ireland
    1. Cromwell in Ireland
    2. Protestant Ireland
    3. Beyond the Pale
    4. The Potato Famine
    5. Irish Diaspora
  • 19th Russo-Turkish Wars
    1. Russian Expansionism
    2. Warm Water Port Theory
    3. Greek Independence
    4. The Crimean War
  • Victorian Britain, 1837-1901
    1. Ascendancy of Victoria
    2. Victorian Family Values
    3. Beeton’s Book of Household Management
    4. Victorian London
    5. The Asiatic Cholera Epidemic
    6. The Great Exhibition
    7. Class and Deference
    8. Great Victorians
    9. 1862 and Limited Liability
  • Napoleon III and Modern Paris
    1. Paris 1848
    2. Louis Philippe’s abdication
    3. President Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
    4. 1851 Coup d’etat and Emperor Napoleon III
    5. Haussmann and Paris
    6. Social Policy and Reform
    7. Foreign Affairs, 1851-1871
    8. Captivity, Exile, and Death
  • Mass Society and the death of the Enlightenment
    1. The Notion of Progress
    2. Alexis de Tocqueville ‘body politic”
    3. Emile Durkheim “atomistic individuals”
    4. Marx and Frankfurt school “alienation”
    5. Jose Ortega y Gasset “cultural decline”
    6. Angst of a Mass Society
    7. Communist International
    8. Anarchists
    9. Assassinations
  • Women’s Suffrage Movement
    1. Legacy of Olympe de Gouges and Wollstonecraft
    2. Engels, John Stuart Mill, and Chartism
    3. The “Women Question”
    4. Socialism, Communism, and Women
  • The Franco-Prussian War and Paris Communard
    1. The Siege of Paris
    2. The Communard
    3. The Aftermath
  • The Sick Man of Europe
    1. London Straights Convention, 1841
    2. The Crimean War
    3. Pan-Slavism
    4. Balkan Wars and Ottomans
  • Balkan Nationalism – The “Powder Keg”
    1. Serbian Nationalism
    2. Balkan Wars 1908-1913
  • The Bismarckian Alliance System
    1. Congress of Berlin
    2. Reinsurance Treaty
    3. Dismissal of Bismarck
  • Tsarist Russia, 1855-1917
    1. 19th century Russia
    2. Alexander I, Alexander II, Alexander III
    3. Nicholas II and 1905
    4. Nicolas and Reform
    5. Nicholas, War, Revolution, and Abdication
  • The fin de siècle
    1. Modernity
    2. Social Reform
    3. Art, Architecture, and Leisure
    4. Science and Engineering
    5. Philosophy and Literature
    6. Ennui, Cynicism, Pessimism and Decadence
    7. The Rise of Fascism
  • German Social Democrats and Move toward war
    1. German Imperial Government
    2. Political pluralism, voting and rights
    3. The “Women Question” in Germany
    4. Increasing popularity of the SDP
    5. The Decision to Go To War and the SDP
  • Militarism, War Plans, and the Arms Race
    1. Prussian Military Reform and Unification
    2. Alliances and War Plans
    3. Mobilization Timetables
    4. “A Place in the Sun”
    5. Dreadnaughts
  • Vienna 1913
    1. Freud, Hitler, Trotsky, Tito and Stalin
    2. Peace and prosperity
  • Events in Sarajevo, June 1914
    1. Annexation of Bosnia
    2. Military Maneuvers
    3. Serbian National Day
    4. The Black Hand and wrong turns
    5. The Reaction
    6. The Ultimatum
    7. The Blank Check
    8. Russian Mobilization
    9. The Schlieffen Plan
    10. The Catharsis
  • Britain, Belgium and the Great War
    1. 1839 Treaty
    2. Belgian Independence and Neutrality
    3. Atrocities, Propaganda, and Lord Grey
    4. The B.E.F.
    5. Naval Issues
  • The Great War, 1914-1918
    1. Race to the Sea
    2. Stalemate
    3. Gallipoli
    4. Verdun
    5. The Somme
    6. Palestine and Lawrence of Arabia
    7. Eastern Front
    8. Ludendorff Offensive
    9. American Intervention
  • The Experience of Trench Warfare
    1. Weapons and Tactics
    2. Gas, Gas, Gas
    3. Chateau Generals
    4. War Poets
    5. War Art
    6. Casualties of War
  • Russia in Revolution, 1905-1924
    1. Impact of War on Russia
    2. Failures of the Tsarist Regime
    3. Opposition to the Tsarist Regime
    4. 1905 Revolution
    5. Causes of the March 1917 Revolution
    6. The Provisional Government
    7. Lenin and the October Revolution
    8. The Soviet Utopia
    9. The Specter of Bolshevism
  • The Debacle of the Paris Peace Conference
    1. The Situation in 1918
    2. The Armistice – “Uneasy Truce”
    3. A Failure of Diplomacy
    4. The Problem with Wilson’s 14 Points
    5. The Big Four
    6. The Sykes-Picot Agreement
    7. The “Peace” Process – Germany
    8. The Fall of Eagles
    9. The War to End All Wars
    10. How the Peace Conference altered the 20th century
    11. The Hope of the League of Nations
  • The Spanish Influenza
    1. Causes and Spread of Influenza
    2. Casualties
    3. Recovery and Impact
  • European Demographic and Gender Crises
    1. The Lost Generation
    2. Women’s Role before, during, and after the war
    3. A Land Fit for Heroes
    4. Votes for Women
    5. Gender Crises: Britain, France, Italy, and Germany
    6. The Soviet Model of Gender Equality
  • Europe in Revolution
    1. Socialist Uprisings
    2. Returning Veterans
    3. The Spartacist Revolt
    4. Bavarian Socialist Republic
    5. Italy in Turmoil
    6. Russian Civil War
    7. Pilsudski in Poland
  • The Irish Republic
    1. Early 20th c Irish-Anglo Relations
    2. Sinn Fein
    3. The December 1918 Elections
    4. The Black and Tan War
    5. Bloody Sunday, 21 Nov 1920
    6. Irish Independence
  • The Soviet Utopia
    1. Re-Engineering Society
    2. Vanguard of the Revolution
    3. Change and Continuity
    4. E.P. and Kulaks
    5. Kollontai and Gender
    6. The New Soviet Man
  • The Genesis of Fascism
    1. Futurism and Fascism
    2. French Origins – Italian Application
    3. D’Annunzio, Fiume, and Fascism
    4. The Advent of Benito Mussolini
    5. Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
    6. The March on Rome
    7. The Fascists International
    8. Matteotti Incident
    9. Ascerbo Law and Dictatorship
    10. Autarky and Mussolini’s Battles
    11. Other Native Fascist Parties in Europe
  • Benito Mussolini and the League of Nations
    1. Italian Irredentism
    2. Mare Nostrum
    3. Corfu Incident
    4. The Locarno Initiative
    5. Meddling in the Balkans
    6. The Stresa Front
    7. Colonial Ambitions – Abyssinia
  • Weimar Germany, 1918-1933
    1. The Victory of the SDP
    2. Challenges to Early Weimar
    3. The Munich Putsch
    4. Weimar Republic Saved
    5. Weimar Culture
    6. Gustav Stresemann
    7. Weimar Elections
    8. President Hindenburg
    9. The Depression and Extremism
  • National Socialism and Adolf Hitler
    1. Anton Drexler and National Socialism
    2. Hitler, the SA, and the Nazi Party
    3. Putsch and Imprisonment
    4. The Wilderness Years
    5. Hitler’s “Legal” Bid for Power
    6. Electoral Year of 1932
    7. Hindenburg’s Misjudgment
    8. The Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act
    9. Conscription and the Nuremburg Laws
  • Fascist Youth & Young Pioneers
    1. The Boy Scouts and Concentration Camps– Sir Baden Powell
    2. Demographic Crisis of Post-War Europe
    3. Opera Nazionale Balilla (ONB)
    4. Soviet Young Pioneers
    5. The Hitler Youth
    6. League of German Maidens
    7. Fascism and the Youth in 1930s
  • France in turmoil, 1917-1940
    1. Mutiny at Verdun
    2. Post-War France – state of the Third Republic
    3. French Search for Security
    4. French Fascists
    5. French Communists
    6. The Popular Front
    7. Maginot Mentality
    8. Paralysis
    9. Collapse
  • The Spanish Civil War, 1936-39
    1. Franco, Falange, and Spanish Fascism
    2. Republican Forces and Stalin
    3. Mussolini and Hitler Intervene
    4. Picasso and Guernica
    5. A Dress Rehearsal for War
  • Mein Kampf and Hitler’s Foreign Policy
    1. Hitler’s Revisionism
    2. German Irredentism
    3. Racial Theory and Hitler’s Foreign Policy
    4. Blitzkrieg and the Short-War Theory
    5. Gold Reserves and Foreign Policy
    6. The Rhineland
    7. The Anschluss
    8. The Sudetenland Crisis
    9. The Nazi-Soviet Pact
    10. Poland and War
  • European Anti-Semitism: France
    1. Overview of French Jewry to 19th c
    2. The Dreyfus Affair
    3. Emile Zola
    4. Vichy France and Holocaust
  • European Anti-Semitism: Germany
    1. The Kaisers and the Jews
    2. Regional Views on Jews before the War
    3. The War, Revolution, and Anti-Semitism
    4. Hitler’s Anti-Semitism
    5. Weimar Anti-Semitism
    6. Emigration
    7. The Nuremburg Laws
    8. Kristalnacht
    9. The Final Solution
  • Revisionism and Irredentism and War
    1. Revision of the Paris Peace
    2. Self-determination and Appeasement
    3. Autarky, Five Year Plans, Protectionism, Depression
    4. Resources and Aggressive Nationalism
  • Stalinist Russia – 1930s
    1. Cult of Lenin
    2. Stalin as Party Leader
    3. Trotsky Marginalized
    4. Kulaks and Collectivization
    5. Five Year Plans and Modernization
    6. Stalin’s Soviet Utopia
    7. Stalin and the LON
    8. Comintern to Cominform
    9. Stalin’s Purges
    10. The Gulag
  • Grand Strategy of the Second Thirty Years’ War
    1. British Grand Strategy: Chamberlain and Churchill
    2. German Grand Strategy: Wilhelm, Weimar and Hitler
    3. Soviet Grand Strategy: Lenin and Stalin
    4. French Grand Strategy
  • Hitler’s War 1936-1945
    1. The Hossbach Memorandum
    2. Mobilization of German Industry
    3. Short War vs Long-War Theories
    4. The Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe
    5. The Administration of Lebensraum
    6. The Problem of the Pact of Steel
    7. Operation Sea Lion
    8. Operation Barbarossa
    9. Stalingrad and Soviet Counteroffensive
    10. Two-Front Wars
    11. Hitler as General
    12. Collapse
  • The British War Experience, 1939-45
    1. Appeasement and War Avoidance
    2. Sitzkreig and Dunkirk
    3. Loss of Singapore
    4. Burma
    5. Churchill as War Leader
    6. Battle of Britain
    7. The Home Front
    8. El Alamein and Monty
    9. Enigma and Ultra
    10. The British War in Asia
    11. The Normandy Campaign
    12. Operation Market-Garden
  • The Great Patriotic War
    1. Nazi-Soviet Pact and War Preparations
    2. Barbarossa and Strategic Paralysis
    3. Leningrad, Moscow, and Stalingrad
    4. Stalin as War Leader
    5. Kursk, Zhukov, and Berlin
    6. The Red Army in Germany
    7. Soviet Strategic Posture at Potsdam
  • The Atlantic Charter and the End of Empire
    1. Dominion Status and Home Rule
    2. The Atlantic Charter and Empire
    3. Churchill Managing the Empire
    4. Labour Party, Atlee, and India
    5. Britain’s Retreat From Empire
    6. Cold War Exceptions: The Malaysian Conflict
    7. The British Commonwealth
    8. Immigration to Britain
  • Wartime Conferences -Yalta and Potsdam
    1. Cairo, Tehran, Moscow and the Big Three
    2. Bretton Woods and the Cold War
    3. Learning from History: Yalta
    4. Truman, the Bomb, and Potsdam
  • Soviet Domination of E. Europe
    1. The Baltic States and Finland
    2. The “Liberation” of Poland
    3. Occupation of Germany
    4. COMECON
    5. Berlin Crises, 1948-1961
    6. Hungary and Czechoslovakia
    7. Fulda Gap and the Warsaw Pact